The Early Victories of Judas
(2 Maccabees 8.1-7)1 Judas Maccabeus took the place of his father Mattathias. 2 All his brothers and all the loyal followers of his father gave him their support, and they were happy to carry on Israel's war.
3 Judas brought greater glory to his people.
In his armor, he was like a giant.
He took up his weapons and went to war;
with his own sword he defended his camp.
4 He was like a ferocious lion roaring as it attacks.
5 Judas hunted down those who broke the Law
and set fire to all who oppressed his people.
6 In fear of him, lawless men huddled together in terror,
not knowing which way to turn.
He advanced the cause of freedom by what he did.
7 He made life miserable for many kings,
but brought joy to the people of Israel.
We will praise him forever for what he did.
8 He went through the towns of Judea
and destroyed all the godless men.
He relieved Israel of its terrible suffering.
9 His fame spread to the ends of the earth,
as he gathered together those who were threatened with death.
10 Then Apollonius assembled a Gentile army, including a large force from Samaria, to attack the people of Israel. 11 When Judas learned of this, he marched out to battle, defeated the army, and killed Apollonius. Many Gentiles lost their lives, and the rest fled. 12 When the spoils of war were collected, Judas took the sword of Apollonius and used it in battle until the day he died.
13 Seron, the general of the Syrian forces, learned that Judas had gathered together an army, consisting of a band of loyal men who were ready to fight under his command. 14 Seron said to himself, “I will make a reputation for myself throughout the empire by defeating Judas and his men, who have no respect for the king's command.” 15 Then he began a new campaign against Judas and was joined by a strong force of godless men who were eager to help him take vengeance on Israel. 16 When he approached the pass at Beth Horon, Judas went out to meet him with a small group of men. 17 When Judas' men saw the army coming against them, they asked, “How can our little group of men fight an army as big as that? Besides, we have not eaten all day, and we are tired!”
18 “It is not difficult,” Judas answered, “for a small group to overpower a large one. It makes no difference to the Lord whether we are rescued by many people or by just a few. 19 Victory in battle does not depend on who has the largest army; it is the Lord's power that determines the outcome. 20 Our enemies are coming against us with great violence, intending to plunder our possessions and kill our wives and children. 21 But we are fighting for our lives and for our religion. 22 When we attack, the Lord will crush our enemies, so don't be afraid of them.”
23 As soon as Judas had finished speaking, he and his men made a sudden attack against Seron and his army and crushed them. 24 They pursued them down the pass at Beth Horon to the plain and killed about 800 men. Those who escaped fled to Philistia. 25 After that, Gentiles everywhere began to be afraid of Judas and his brothers. 26 His fame reached the ears of King Antiochus, and people in every nation talked about Judas and his victories.
The King Appoints Lysias as Governor
27 When Antiochus heard what had happened, he was furious. He ordered all the armies of his empire to assemble in one huge force. 28 From his treasury he paid a full year's wages to his soldiers and ordered them to be prepared for any emergency. 29 But then he found that the funds in his treasury were exhausted. Income from taxes had decreased because of the disorder and the troubles he had brought on the world by doing away with the laws which had been in force from the earliest times. 30 Antiochus had always given presents more lavishly than earlier kings, but now he was worried that he might not be able to continue this, or even to meet expenses—this had happened once or twice before. 31 He was very disturbed; but finally he decided to go to Persia, collect the taxes from the provinces there, and bring together a large sum of ready cash.
32 He appointed Lysias, an important man who had been granted the title “Relative of the King,” as governor to take care of the king's affairs in the whole territory between the Euphrates River and the Egyptian border. 33 The king also made Lysias the guardian of his son Antiochus the Fifth until his own return. 34 He put Lysias in charge of all the elephants and of half his army, and then gave him detailed instructions about what he wanted done, and in particular, what he wanted done with the inhabitants of Judea and Jerusalem. 35 Lysias was ordered to send an army against the Jews, especially the Jews in Jerusalem, to break their power and destroy them, so that no trace of them would remain. 36 He was ordered to take their land and give it to foreigners, who would settle the whole area. 37 Taking the other half of his army, the king set out from Antioch, his capital city, in the year 147. He crossed the Euphrates River and marched through Mesopotamia.
The Victories of Judas
(2 Maccabees 8.8-292 34-36)38 Lysias chose Nicanor, Gorgias, and Ptolemy son of Dorymenes as army commanders; all three were able men who bore the title “Friend of the King.” 39 He put them in charge of 40,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry and ordered them to invade the land of Judea and destroy it as the king had commanded. 40 These commanders set out with their entire force, and when they came to the plains near Emmaus, they made camp. 41 A force from Idumea and Philistia joined them. The merchants of the region heard about the strength of the army, and they came to the camp with chains and a large amount of money, hoping to buy some Jewish slaves.
42 Judas and his brothers saw that their situation was getting more and more difficult, with foreign armies camped within their own borders. They also learned that the king had commanded the complete destruction of the people. 43 So they determined to rebuild their ruined nation and fight for their country and the Temple. 44 Then the whole community came together to prepare for war and to pray for God's mercy.
45 Jerusalem was as empty as a wilderness;
no citizens left or entered the city.
The holy Temple was profaned by foreigners,
and Gentiles camped in the city's fort;
so joy departed from the people of Israel,
and the sound of music was heard no more.
46 Then Judas and his men assembled and marched to Mizpah, opposite Jerusalem, because the people of Israel had previously had a place of worship there. 47 In deep mourning, they fasted all that day, put on sackcloth, threw ashes on their heads, and tore their clothes. 48 The Gentiles would have consulted their idols in such a situation, but the Israelites unrolled the book of the Law to search for God's guidance. 49 They brought the priests' robes, the offerings of the first grain, and the tithes, and then they brought in some Nazirites who had completed their vows. 50 The whole community prayed, “Lord, what shall we do with these things? Where shall we take them, 51 now that your holy Temple has been trampled and profaned by Gentiles, and your priests mourn in disgrace? 52 The Gentiles have come to attack and destroy us. You know what they plan to do! 53 If you don't help us, how can we stand up against them?” 54 Then they blew trumpets and shouted loudly.
55 After that, Judas divided his men into groups of ten, fifty, a hundred, and a thousand, placing officers in charge of each group. 56 Then, in obedience to the Law, he sent home everyone who had recently been married, built a house, or planted a vineyard, as well as anyone who was afraid. 57 Finally, the army marched out and took up positions south of Emmaus, 58 where Judas said to them: “Prepare yourselves for battle and be courageous! Be ready early tomorrow morning to fight these Gentiles who have joined forces to attack us and destroy us and our Temple. 59 It is better for us to die fighting than to stand idly by and watch the destruction of our nation and our Temple. 60 But the Lord will do what he pleases.”
Apollonija sakāve
1 Matatija vietā stājās viņa dēls Jūda, saukts Makabejs. 2 Tam palīdzēja visi viņa brāļi un visi, kas bija pieķērušies viņa tēvam un aizrautīgi cīnījušies Israēlā. 3 Tā viņš vairoja savas tautas godu, viņš apvilka krūšu bruņas kā varenais un apjozās ar saviem cīņas ieročiem, un veda karus, ar savu zobenu sargādams nometni. 4 Savos darbos tas līdzīgs lauvam, kā jauns lauva, kas pēc laupījuma rēc. 5 Viņš atrada bauslības pārkāpējus un vajāja tos, ar uguni izdeldēja tos, kas postīja viņa tautu. 6 Bauslības pārkāpēji izbailēs no viņa rāvās atpakaļ un visi ļauna darītāji iztrūkās; tā glābšana sekmējās ar viņa roku. 7 Viņš darīja dzīvi rūgtu daudziem ķēniņiem un iepriecināja Jēkabu ar saviem darbiem; mūžam slavēta ir viņa piemiņa! 8 Viņš pārstaigāja Jūdejas pilsētas un izdeldēja bezdievjus no tās; viņš novērsa dusmību no Israēla, 9 un viņa vārds bija slavens līdz pat zemes galam, un viņš sapulcināja tos, kam jau bija nospriesta bojāeja.
10 Bet Apollonijs sapulcināja cittautiešus un arī lielu karaspēku no Samarijas, lai karotu pret Israēlu. 11 Kad Jūda to uzzināja, viņš izgāja tam pretī, sakāva viņa karaspēku un viņu pašu nokāva, daudzi no tiem krita kaujas laukā savainoti, bet pāri palikušie bēga. 12 Un Jūda ieguva no viņiem kara laupījumu, viņš ņēma Apollonija zobenu un allaž lietoja to cīņā.
Cīņa pie Bēt-Horonas
13 Kad Sīrijas karaspēka pavēlnieks Sērons dzirdēja, ka Jūda ir sapulcinājis ap sevi pulkus un ticīgos ļaudis, kas ar to kopā dodas karā, 14 viņš sacīja: “Es darīšu slavenu savu vārdu un iemantošu sev godu ķēniņa valstī – es karošu ar Jūdu un viņa sekotājiem, kas nicina ķēniņa pavēli.” 15 Viņam pievienojās un devās līdzi varens pulks bezdievju, lai palīdzētu viņam atriebties Israēla dēliem. 16 Viņš tuvojās Bēt-Horonas nogāzei, un viņam pretī izgāja Jūda ar pavisam nedaudziem. 17 Kad tie ieraudzīja karapulku, kas nāca viņiem pretī, tie sacīja Jūdam: “Kā gan mēs, būdami tik mazā skaitā, lai spētu cīnīties ar tik lielu un varenu pulku? Turklāt mēs esam izsalkuši, jo šodien mēs vēl neko neesam ēduši.” 18 Jūda atbildēja: “Viegli var notikt, ka daudzi tiek nodoti nedaudzu rokās, un nav atšķirības debesu priekšā – izglābt ar daudziem vai ar nedaudziem; 19 ne jau no karaspēka lieluma atkarīga uzvara karā, bet gan no debesīm nāk spēks. 20 Tie nāk pret mums ar lielu augstprātību un netaisnību, lai nonāvētu mūs un mūsu sievas, un mūsu bērnus, tie nāk, lai mūs aplaupītu, 21 bet mēs cīnāmies par savu dzīvību un saviem likumiem. 22 Tas būs pats Kungs, kas satrieks tos mūsu vaiga priekšā, bet jūs no tiem nebaidieties.” 23 Tad Jūda, beidzis runāt, spēji metās virsū Sēronam un viņa nometnei, un tie tika satriekti viņa priekšā. 24 Viņš vajāja tos pa Bēt-Horonas nogāzi līdz pat līdzenumam; viņiem krita astoņi simti vīru, bet pārējie aizbēga uz filistiešu zemi. 25 Tā cittautiešus, kas dzīvoja apkārt, pārņēma ārkārtīgas izbailes, un tie sāka baidīties no Jūdas un viņa brāļiem. 26 Bet Jūdas vārda slava nonāca līdz pat ķēniņam, un par viņa kara mākslu runāja cittautieši.
Lisija apvienotie spēki pret Israēlu
27 Kad ķēniņš Antiohs izdzirda visas šīs runas, viņš kļuva ļoti nikns un izsūtīja vēstnešus pa visu savu valsti un sapulcināja spēcīgu karaspēku. 28 Ķēniņš lika arī atvērt valsts mantnīcu un izmaksāt karaspēkam gada algu un pavēlēja tiem būt gatavībā jebkurai vajadzībai. 29 Bet tad viņš redzēja, ka naudas krātuvē nepietiek, jo maz nodevu bija saņemts no zemes sacelšanās un nelaimju dēļ, kuras viņš pats bija izraisījis tajā zemē, atceldams likumus, kas tur bija kopš senām dienām. 30 Un ķēniņš sāka bažīties, ka viņam atlicis naudas tikai vienai vai divām reizēm, lai īstenotu tos tēriņus un apdāvināšanu, ar ko viņš pārspēja iepriekšējos ķēniņus. 31 Viņa sirds tādēļ bija ļoti norūpējusies, un viņš nolēma doties uz Persiju, lai ievāktu tur zemes nodevas un ieņemtu daudz naudas. 32 Ķēniņš atstāja Lisiju, kādu slavenu vīru no ķēniņa dzimtas, pārvaldīt viņa lietas visā apvidū no Eifrātas upes līdz pat Ēģiptes zemei 33 un uzticēja tam sava dēla Antioha audzināšanu līdz brīdim, kad viņš pats atgriezīsies. 34 Viņš arī atstāja Lisijam pusi sava karaspēka un kaujas ziloņus un deva tam pavēles par visu, ko pats bija nolēmis, arī par Jūdejas un Jeruzālemes iedzīvotājiem, 35 ka viņš nosūtītu turp karaspēku, lai tas izdeldētu un iznīcinātu Israēla spēku un Jeruzālemes atlikumu, un izdeldētu pat viņu piemiņu no šīs vietas, 36 nometinot viņu apvidū svešinieku dēlus un izdalot tiem viņu zemi. 37 Tad ķēniņš ņēma atlikušo karaspēka pusi un simt četrdesmit septītajā gadā devās projām no savas valsts galvaspilsētas Antiohijas. Viņš pārcēlās pāri Eifrātas upei un devās cauri augšējiem apgabaliem.
38 Bet Lisijs izvēlējās Ptolemaju, Dorimena dēlu, Nikanoru un Gorgiju, varenus vīrus no ķēniņa draugu vidus, 39 un nosūtīja tos kopā ar četrdesmit tūkstošiem vīru un septiņiem tūkstošiem jātnieku, lai tie pēc ķēniņa pavēles dotos izpostīt Jūdeju. 40 Tie devās ceļā ar visu savu karaspēku un, nonākuši līdzenumā, kas bija netālu no Emmausas, uzcēla tur nometni. 41 Kad tās vietas tirgoņi izdzirdēja, kas pie viņiem ieradušies, tie ņēma lielu daudzumu sudraba un zelta, kā arī važas un ieradās nometnē, lai dabūtu sev Israēla dēlus par kalpiem; tur tiem pievienojās arī Sīrijas un citu zemju karaspēks. 42 Kad Jūda un viņa brāļi redzēja, ka ļaunums ir vairojies un ienaidnieku karaspēks ir uzcēlis nometni viņu robežās, tie saprata, ko ķēniņš bija pavēlējis nodarīt viņu tautai, lai to pazudinātu un iznīcinātu. 43 Tad sacīja ikviens savam tuvākajam: “Atjaunosim to, kas izpostīts mūsu tautā, un karosim par mūsu tautu un svētnīcu!” 44 Tika sasaukta sapulce, lai varētu sagatavoties karam, lai piesauktu Dievu un lūgtu pēc žēlastības un apžēlošanas. 45 Bet Jeruzāleme bija neapdzīvota kā tuksnesis, vairs nebija neviena no tās dzimuma, kas tajā ieiet un iziet; tās svētnīca izmīdīta, tās kalna cietoksnī svešinieku dēli; tā kļuvusi par viesu namu cittautiešiem. Jēkaba prieks ir atņemts, apklususi flauta un lira. 46 Un tie atnāca un sapulcējās Micpā, iepretim Jeruzālemei, jo Israēlam senāk Micpā bija lūgšanu vieta. 47 Tanī dienā tie gavēja un apvilka maisus, un kaisīja uz galvām pelnus, un pārplēsa savas drēbes. 48 Tie atvēra bauslības grāmatu, lai uzzinātu to, ko cittautieši grib uzzināt, izmantodami savu elku tēlus. 49 Tie sanesa priesteru tērpus un pirmaugļus, un desmito tiesu, tie sasauca nazīriešus, kuru solījuma dienas bija piepildījušās,
50 tie pacēla balsi un sauca uz debesīm:
“Ko lai mēs darām ar visu šo un kur lai to nesam?
51 Tava svētnīca – izmīdīta un apgānīta,
tavi priesteri bēdās un pazemoti.
52 Redzi, cittautieši sapulcējušies pret mums,
lai iznīcinātu mūs,
tu zini, ko tie ir nosprieduši par mums.
53 Kā gan mēs varēsim tiem stāties pretī,
ja tu mums nepalīdzēsi?”
54 Un tie pūta taures un sauca skaļā balsī. 55 Pēc tam Jūda iecēla tautai priekšniekus pār tūkstošiem, pār simtiem, pār piecdesmit un pār desmit. 56 Viņš arī pēc bauslības sacīja tiem, kas bija cēluši namu, nupat apņēmuši sievu vai dēstījuši vīnadārzu, un tiem, kas bailīgi, lai tie katrs atgriežas savā namā. 57 Tad karapulks devās uz priekšu un uzcēla nometni uz dienvidiem no Emmausas. 58 Un Jūda sacīja: “Apjozieties un esiet stipri, esiet gatavi rītā agri doties kaujā ar cittautiešiem, kas sapulcējušies pret mums, lai iznīcinātu mūs un mūsu svētumus, 59 jo labāk mums ir mirt kaujas laukā nekā pieredzēt ļaunumu, kas nāks pār mūsu tautu un svētnīcu. 60 Un, kāda būs viņa debesu griba, tā viņš darīs.”
